世界农业

规避农业生产风险对保障中国粮食安全、防范规模性返贫至关重要，传统农业保险仅能对自然风险进行有效规避，但对市场风险束手无策，“保险+期货”模式的出现为解决该问题提供了新思路。美国作为世界农业发展强国，其“保险+期货”模式的实践应用较为成熟，在保障农民收入、促进农产品市场健康发展方面发挥了重要作用。基于此，本文从发展演变、优势比较、组织结构、运行机制、价格确定、理赔测算和影响效果七个方面对美国“保险+期货”模式展开深入分析。研究发现，经营主体多元、产品种类丰富、定价机制完善和风险对冲灵活是美国“保险+期货”模式助力农业发展的突出优势和显著特征。对此，中国应当推动“保险+期货”模式在经营模式上向商业化、市场化方向发展，在产品设计上向多样化、个性化方向发展，在制度建设上向合理化、安全化方向发展，为助力农业发展、推进乡村振兴提供有力支持。

Avoiding agricultural production risks is crucial to ensuring China's food security and preventing large-scale poverty reduction.Traditional agricultural insurance can only effectively avoid natural risks, but can do nothing about market risks.The emergence of the “Insurance+Futures” model has provided a new way of thinking to address this problem. As a world leader in agricultural development, the United States has a mature application of the “Insurance+Futures” model, which has played an important role in protecting farmer' income and promoting the healthy development of agricultural markets. Based on this, this paper presents an in-depth analysis of the US “Insurance+Futures” model from seven aspects: development and evolution, comparative advantages, organisational structure, operational mechanism, price determination, claims measurement and impact effects. The study finds that the advantages and significant features of the US “Insurance+ Futures” model for agricultural development are the diversity of business entities, the variety of products, the perfect pricing mechanism and the flexibility of risk hedging. In this regard, China should promote the development of the “Insurance+Futures” model in the direction of commercialisation and marketisation in terms of business model, diversification and personalisation in terms of product design, and rationalisation and security in terms of system construction, so as to provide strong support for agricultural development and rural revitalisation.