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随着全球人口增长、环境压力加剧和消费观念转变，传统动物蛋白生产面临着资源约束、环境污染和食品安全等多重挑战。新蛋白产业作为一种创新性解决方案应运而生，涵盖植物蛋白、细胞培养肉、发酵蛋白、昆虫蛋白等多种技术路径。本文通过梳理国际新蛋白产业发展的相关文献，系统分析了国际新蛋白产业兴起的深层原因、当前发展现状以及面临的主要挑战。研究发现，新蛋白产业在保障全球食物安全、维护人类营养健康、应对气候变化、促进可持续发展等方面具有重要意义，已成为全球投资热点和政策关注焦点。目前植物基蛋白的市场成熟度增强，细胞培养蛋白发展取得新突破，发酵蛋白逐渐兴起，新蛋白产业已经成为各国竞争的新赛道。然而，新蛋白产业发展仍面临生产端技术瓶颈、消费端接受度有限、政策监管不完善、伦理宗教质疑等挑战。新蛋白产业作为未来全球农业食物系列转型的重要方向，需要政府、企业、科研机构和消费者的共同努力，推动产业从概念验证向规模化应用转变。
Abstract：As global population growth intensifies, environmental pressures mount, and consumption patterns shift, traditional animal protein production faces multiple challenges including resource constraints, environmental pollution, and food safety concerns.The novel protein industry has emerged as an innovative solution, encompassing various technological pathways such as plant-based proteins, cultivated meat, fermentation-derived proteins, and insect proteins.Through a comprehensive review of literature on international novel protein industry development, this paper systematically analyzes the underlying reasons for the industry's emergence, its current development status, and major challenges faced.The research finds that the novel protein industry plays a significant role in ensuring global food security, maintaining human nutritional health, addressing climate change, and promoting sustainable development, becoming a focal point for global investment and policy attention.Currently, plant-based proteins show increasing market maturity, cultivated proteins have achieved new breakthroughs, fermentation proteins are gradually rising, and the novel protein industry has become a new competitive arena among nations.However, the industry still faces challenges including technological bottlenecks in production, limited consumer acceptance, incomplete regulatory frameworks, and ethical and religious concerns.As a crucial direction for the future transformation of global agricultural food systems, the novel protein industry requires collaborative efforts from governments, enterprises, research institutions, and consumers to drive the transition from concept validation to scaled application.
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(1)与新蛋白概念相似的还有替代蛋白(Alternative Proteins)、未来食物(Future Foods)等概念。新蛋白产业强调通过非传统动物源性技术生产的“新型”蛋白质产品体系,包含植物基蛋白、细胞培养肉、发酵蛋白、昆虫蛋白等技术路径。替代蛋白强调“替代”动物蛋白功能的产品,未来食物则涵盖更广义的创新食品形态,不局限于蛋白质产品。本文统一用“新蛋白”的概念,在具体产品上包括替代蛋白产品。本研究不讨论用作动物饲料的新蛋白原料(如昆虫粉等),而是只讨论能直接被人类食用的新蛋白产品。
(2)资料来源:https://www.climateworks.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/GINAs-Protein-Diversity.pdf。
(3)资料来源:https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/gia/article/asia-thinker-series-food-technologies-necessary-unique-or-challenging。
(4)资料来源:https://www.whatiscultivatedmeat.com/process。
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(7)资料来源:https://gfi.org/initiatives/climate/environmental-benefits-of-alt-proteins/。
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(10)资料来源:https://ourworldindata.org/land-use-diets。
(11)资料来源:https://gfi.org/initiatives/climate/environmental-benefits-of-alt-proteins/。
(12)资料来源:https://www.whatiscultivatedmeat.com/society。
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(15)资料来源:https://gfieurope.org/blog/survey-finds-european-consumers-want-freedom-to-choose-cultivated-meat/。
(16)资料来源:https://www.bryangarnier.com/insights/fermentation-mycoprotein-cellular-agriculture-sustainable-solutions-for-food-production/。
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(19)资料来源:https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2018189738A1/en。
(20)资料来源:https://gfi-apac.org/8-things-alt-protein-insiders-said-behind-closed-doors/。
(21)1磅≈0.45千克。
(22)资料来源:https://ag.purdue.edu/cfdas/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Report_202307_FINAL.pdf。
(23)资料来源:https://www.whatiscultivatedmeat.com/product。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2025.10.004
中图分类号:F416.82
引用信息:
[1]龙文进,袁之名.国际新蛋白产业发展的缘起、现状及挑战：一个文献综述[J].世界农业,2025,No.558(10):41-53.DOI:10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2025.10.004.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“新形势下我国农业食物系统转型研究”(22&ZD085)
2025-10-10
2025-10-10