世界农业

乡村绿色产业是加快乡村产业振兴、促进农民增收致富的重要途径。本文聚焦国家公园严格保护约束下的产业发展模式，为生态保护与经济发展之间的协调困境提供破解之法。基于“两山”理论，本文构建了“生态约束-产业升级”的分析框架，选取武夷山国家公园为典型案例区，运用2024年获取的675份入户调研数据，采用包含乡(镇)固定效应的普通最小二乘法(OLS)回归模型，系统分析了在生态保护刚性约束下茶叶经营主体如何通过单位产品价值提升替代传统规模扩张路径实现家庭增收，并进一步探讨了效益提升、收入增长对茶农参与生态环境保护、增强公园建设主动性的促进作用。研究表明，茶叶种植规模扩大与家庭经营性收入增长呈现显著的正相关关系；在国家公园内对茶叶种植面积严格管控背景下，微产业链延伸、品质提升、品牌营销、产业集聚、政府支持，均对产业提效增收产生了正向促进作用。同时，茶叶溢价带来的经营性收入增长显著增强了农户参与国家公园生态保护活动的积极性。基于区位特征的异质性分析结果表明，国家公园周边茶园种植规模对经营收入的正向影响略高于公园内部，但差异并不显著。

Rural green industries are an important pathway for accelerating rural industrial revitalization and increasing farmers' income. This study focuses on industrial development models under the strict conservation constraints of national parks. It provides solutions to the coordination dilemma between ecological conservation and economic development. Based on the “Two Mountains” theory, this study constructs an “ecological constraints-industrial upgrading” analytical framework. Selecting Wuyishan National Park as a typical case study area and utilizing 675 household survey data collected in 2024, an OLS regression model incorporating township fixed effects was employed to systematically analyze how tea operators achieve household income growth by enhancing the value per unit of product instead of pursuing traditional scale expansion under rigid ecological constraints. Furthermore, the study explores the role of improved efficiency and income growth in encouraging tea farmers to participate in ecological conservation and enhancing their proactive engagement in park construction.The findings indicate that the expansion of tea cultivation scale has a significant positive correlation with household business income growth. Under the strict control of tea plantation area within the national park, micro-industry chain extension, quality improvement, brand marketing, industrial clustering, and government support all positively contribute to industrial efficiency and income growth. Meanwhile, the increase in business income from tea price premiums significantly enhances farmers' enthusiasm for participating in ecological conservation activities in the national park. Heterogeneity analysis based on location characteristics reveals that the positive impact of tea plantation scale on business income is slightly higher in areas surrounding the national park than within the park, but the difference is not significant.