世界农业

破解低收入农户增收困境、缓解农村相对贫困问题是实现共同富裕的重要抓手。本文基于2018年、2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)和县域数字乡村指数，采用再中心化影响函数和分位数处理效应模型，从绝对收入和相对收入的双重视角，考察了数字乡村发展对农户共同富裕的影响及作用机制。研究发现，数字乡村发展能显著提高农户绝对收入水平，但同时也会拉大农户相对收入差距。进一步分析发现，数字乡村发展的四个分维度对农户收入影响的演进过程存在差异，其中乡村经济数字化和乡村生活数字化具有明显的“益富性”,而数字基础设施和乡村治理数字化拉大收入差距的作用效果较小。机制分析表明，数字乡村发展可以通过提升农业生产经营效率、增大农户非农创业概率、促进农村数字金融发展，促进高收入农户显著增收，而不利于低收入农户分享数字乡村发展红利。异质性分析发现，数字乡村发展对年轻、社会资本高、县域地势平坦的农户家庭增收更为显著。为此，应加强对重点领域和重点人群的政策倾斜，让“数字乡村发展红利”逐渐惠及全体农村居民，实现农户共同富裕。

Solving the income growth difficulties of low-income farmers and alleviating the relative poverty problem in rural areas are important measures to achieve common prosperity.This study is based on the China Family Panel Studies data from 2018 and 2020,as well as the Peking University County Digital Rural Index.Using RIF and GQR models, the study examines the impact and mechanism of digital rural development on the common prosperity of farmers from the perspectives of absolute income and relative income.Research has found that the development of digital rural areas can significantly improve the absolute income level of farmers, but at the same time, it can also widen the relative income gap between farmers.Further analysis reveals that there are differences in the impact process of the four dimensions of digital rural development on farmers' income.Among them, the digitization of rural economy and rural life has significantly exacerbated the relative income gap between farmers, while the effect of digital infrastructure and rural governance digitization on widening the income gap between farmers is relatively small.Mechanism analysis shows that the digital development of rural areas significantly increases the income of high-income farmers by improving agricultural production and management efficiency, increasing the probability of farmers starting businesses, and promoting the development of digital finance in rural areas, which is not conducive to benefiting low-income farmers.Heterogeneity analysis found that the income increasing effect of digital rural development is more significant in young, high social capital level, and flat rural households.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen policy preferences for key areas and key populations, so that the“digital rural development dividend”gradually benefits all rural residents and achieves common prosperity for farmers.