世界农业

“粮食银行”这一新型粮食仓储流通业态面临发展政策和监管政策的矛盾和冲突，而破解的关键在于对其业务的契约属性进行认定，并进而界定风险以及构建对应的治理体系。在契约属性上，它有“两代一换”模式下的仓储托管合约、代储经营模式下的商业信用及信托合约之分。在风险治理上，现有非正式制度治理作用范围有限；特别是在政府发展政策普遍背书下，市场化治理机制也存在失灵的可能性。综合考虑契约属性、功能与风险以及治理成本，粮食管理部门、行业协会等主体需要及时参与治理并进行分类监管：鉴于仓储合约风险较小，可对其实行非审慎监管，而代储经营类由于面临信用风险、经营风险和市场风险较大，并且具有涉众性和风险外溢性，需要实行审慎监管。

“Grain bank”,a new type of grain storage and circulation business, is facing the contradiction and conflict between development policy and regulatory policy, and the key to solve it is to identify the contract attribute of its business, then define the risk and the corresponding governance logic.In terms of contract attributes, there are storage custody contracts under the “two generations and one replacement” mode, commercial credit and trust contracts under the agent storage business mode.In terms of risk governance, the scope of the existing informal system governance is limited; Especially under the general endorsement of government development policies, the market-oriented governance mechanism also has the possibility of failure.Considering the contract attributes, functions, risks and governance costs, grain management departments, industry associations and other entities need to participate in governance and conduct classified supervision in a timely manner: in view of the small risk of warehousing contracts, non prudential supervision can be carried out on them, while the agent storage operation mode is faced with large credit risk, operation risk and market risk, and has stakeholder and risk spillover, Prudential supervision is needed.