世界农业

农业强国建设是实现社会主义现代化强国的前提条件和基本保障。中国要建设的是综合型农业强国，不仅具备较强的农业国际竞争力，而且还能够引领世界农业发展。加快建设农业强国，要以保障粮食安全为底线任务，提升农业生产效率为逻辑主线，农业数字化转型为赋能增值，绿色低碳发展为内生要求，促进城乡融合为关键保障，培育农业现代化产业体系为核心目标。世界农业强国发展进程具有相似的规律性、趋势性特征，表现为：农业产业份额下降，产业链容量提升；要素投入比重下降，生产效率提升；农业直接性扶持强度减弱，间接性扶持占比提高；研发投入份额保持稳定，科技创新结构优化。当前农业强国建设主要面临粮食供给压力、产业竞争力弱、科技尖端创新力匮乏、绿色发展要素约束强等问题。高质量推进农业强国建设，要坚持差异化发展思维、融合发展思维、改革思维，构建安全先进的生产经营体系、低碳环保的绿色农业体系、高端自主的科技创新体系以及灵活高效的要素市场体系。

The construction of an agricultural powerhouse is a prerequisite and fundamental guarantee for socialist modernized powerhouse. China should build a comprehensive agricultural powerhouse, which not only possesses strong international competitiveness but also leads the world in agricultural development. Accelerating the construction of agricultural powerhouse should prioritize ensuring food security as the bottom-line task, enhancing agricultural production efficiency as the logical mainline, digital transformation in agriculture for empowerment, green and low-carbon development as an intrinsic requirement, ensuring high-quality integration between urban and rural areas as the key guarantee, and cultivating a modern agricultural industrial system as the core goal. World agricultural powerhouses have the similar development trends, decrease in the share of agricultural industry but increase in the capacity of industrial chains, decrease in the proportion of input factors but improvement in production efficiency, weakening of direct agricultural support but increase in indirect support, stable share of innovation investment but optimization of the structure. Currently, the main challenges include pressure on food supply, weak industrial competitiveness, lack of high-quality technological innovation capabilities, and factor constraints on green development. To advance the construction of agricultural powerhouse of high quality, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of differentiated development thinking, integrated development thinking, and reform thinking. China should build a secure and advanced production and operation system, a low-carbon and environmentally friendly green agricultural system, a high-end and independent technological innovation system, as well as a flexible and efficient factor market system.