世界农业

粮食生产成本是决定粮食生产者种粮收益的关键因素之一。近年来,中国粮食生产成本快速上涨,造成种粮收益不断下降,严重影响了粮农的种粮积极性,也影响了未来中国的粮食安全。本文运用成本核算理论、ABC分类法等工具,通过对2001—2013年中国粮食生产成本结构及其变动规律进行详细考察,并与美国、日本等发达国家粮食生产成本构成进行比较分析,得出结论:通过扩大生产规模,以机械或技术投入来替代劳动力投入;控制粮食生产土地成本的非理性上涨;提高农机、灌溉用水、化肥及农药的有效利用率等方式,可以实现中国粮食生产的降本增效。

The cost of food production is one of the key factors determining the planting income of grain producers.In recent years,Chinese grain production costs rose rapidly,resulting in planting net income declining,affecting the enthusiasm of farmers,and affecting food security in the future.This paper analyzes Chinese grain production cost structure and its change by means of cost accounting theory,ABC classification method etc.and comparatively analyzed the cost structure of China,America,and Japan.Then draw the conclusions that the cost of grain production can be reduced,through expanding production scale which takes place with mechanical or technical inputs replacing labor input,controlling irrational rise of land cost,and improving the efficiency of agricultural machines,agricultural irrigation water,pesticide and fertilizer etc.