世界农业

本文分析了日本水稻生产成本的主要构成和发展趋势,比较了与美国和中国的差异。结合农业经营规模的不断扩大,以及育种栽培、化肥、农药、农业机械和信息通信等方面的科技进展,总结了降低水稻生产成本的现实基础。根据农林水产省资助课题"农匠导航1000"的研究成果,以关东、近畿、北陆和九州地区4个大规模农场的1 000多块稻田为例,介绍了先进生产技术与管理系统相结合,促进水稻生产成本降低的主要实践;论述了在大规模农场降低水稻经营的路径选择,包括生产资料优化配置、提高技术技能与作业效率、增加产量和减少投入与管理成本等。最后借鉴日本经验,就中国降低农产品生产成本提出了对策建议。

In Japan,confronting the declining rice yield,the government decides to create dynamism in concerning industries.Thus it is essential to reduce rice production cost and improve the market competitiveness.This paper analyzes the composition and changes of rice production costs in Japan,and compares with the US and China.The realistic factors include the expanding farming-scales,and the technological progresses in breeding,fertilization and pest-controlling,agro-machinery and ICT.Finally,the government introduces NoshoNavi 1 000,a research project funded by the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries.It examines the cost reduction of rice production,within 1 000 paddy fields of four large-scale farms from Kanto,Kansai,Hokuriku and Kyushu.The important routes include optimized production planning,improved technical skills and work efficiency,increased yield,reduced investment and managerial inputs.Finally,policy suggestions are raised to reduce the cost of agricultural production in China.