| 1,353 | 39 | 267 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
本文基于全国2019年5 717个农户家庭的实地调研数据，构建PSM模型，在反事实框架下探究农业生产外包服务选择对农户家庭收入的影响，并对其机制进行阐述。研究结果表明：(1)较高比例的种粮农户选择了生产外包服务，采纳劳动密集型外包服务的程度相对较高。从作物品类来看，水稻外包服务的增收效果最为显著，其次是玉米的外包服务，而小麦外包服务的增收效果并不显著。服务的选择能够显著提升粮农的家庭总收入、种植性收入和非农就业工资性收入，其对营农收入的作用效果尤为显著。(2)不同生产环节外包的收入效应存在差异，其中耕地、收割环节外包所产生的增收效应最大，其次是防治环节外包；而播种环节外包的增收效果并不显著。(3)生产外包服务对农户家庭收入水平影响存在一定差异，从区域来看中、西部地区外包服务对农户家庭收入水平的提升效果较为显著，东部地区外包服务的增收空间有限；从粮农组群差异性来看，外包服务的决策者受教育程度越高、家庭劳动力数量越少及粮食耕种面积越大的种植农户，外包服务所产生的增收效果更为显著。因此，需要逐步完善农业生产性服务体系，重点强化薄弱环节，充分发挥农业生产环节外包服务规模经济效应。
Abstract：This article constructs a theoretical model to explain the impacts of farm households' production outsourcing on their household income.Based on the collected data of 5 717 farm households in China, the Propensity Score Matching(PSM) model is used in this paper under the framework of counter-facts.The results show that:(1)A high proportion of grain farmers chose productive outsourcing services and adopted labor-intensive outsourcing services to a high degree.Rice outsourcing service has the most significant income increase effect, followed by corn outsourcing service, while wheat outsourcing service has no significant income increase effect.The choice of outsourcing services can significantly increase the total household income, grain income and wage income, especially the effect on the agricultural income.(2)Different types of outsourcing services have different income effects, among which the outsourcing of farmland and harvesting has the largest income increase effect, followed by the outsourcing of prevention and control.However, the effect of seeding outsourcing is not significant.(3)There is a certain difference in the impact of production outsourcing service on the income level of grain farmers.Outsourcing services in central and western regions have a significant improvement effect on household income, while services in eastern regions have a limited space to increase income.The higher education level, the lower level of family labor force, and the larger planting area of farmers, the income increase effect of outsourcing service is more significant.Therefore, this paper propose to further improve the productive service system, support the disadvantage links, give full play to the scale economic effects of outsourcing service during production.
[1]李亚娟.农业生产托管对粮农家庭收入的影响研究：基于生产要素替代视角[D].北京：中国农业大学，2021.
[2]李静，孟天琦，韩春虹.土地托管影响农业产出机制：投资效率及其解释[J].中国人口·资源与环境，2018,28(9):142-149.
[3]陈成文，余丽敏，陈静.土地托管对资产收益扶贫的影响：基于湖南省H县的实证研究[J].经济地理，2019,39(5):198-206.
[4]宦梅丽.农机作业服务对中国粮食生产技术效率的影响研究[D].北京：中国农业大学，2021.
[5]余粮红，高强，蒋治.土地托管对农户生态经济收益的影响及其边界[J/OL].农业技术经济：1-15.[2022-04-03].http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-NYJS20210913000.htm.DOI:10.13246/j.cnki.jae.20210913.001.
[6]杨志海.生产环节外包改善了农户福利吗?:来自长江流域水稻种植农户的证据[J].中国农村经济，2019(4):73-91.
[7]孔祥智.健全农业社会化服务体系实现小农户和现代农业发展有机衔接[J].农村经营管理，2018(4):17-18.
[8]王志刚，申红芳，廖西元.农业规模经营：从生产环节外包开始：以水稻为例[J].中国农村经济，2011(9):4-12.
[9]杨子，饶芳萍，诸培新.农业社会化服务对土地规模经营的影响：基于农户土地转入视角的实证分析[J].中国农村经济，2019(3):82-95.
[10]HUANG J K,WANG Y J,WANG J X.Farmers’ adaptation to extreme weather events through farm management and its impacts on the mean and risk of rice yield in China [J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2015,97(2):602-617.
[11]DING S L,MERILUOTO W R.The impact of agricultural technology adoption on income inequality in rural China:evidence from southern Yunnan province[J].China Economic Review,2011,22(3):344-356.
[12]MORRIS W,HENLEY A,DOWELL D.Farm diversification,entrepreneurship and technology adoption:analysis of upland farmers in Wales [J].Journal of Rural Studies,2017,53:132-143.
[13]赵鑫，张正河，任金政.农业生产性服务对农户收入有影响吗：基于800个行政村的倾向得分匹配模型实证分析[J].农业技术经济，2021(1):32-45.
[14]ROSENBAUM P R,RUBIN D B.Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score [J].The American Statistician,1985,39(1):33-38.
[15]李庆海，李锐，王兆华.农户土地租赁行为及其福利效果[J].经济学(季刊),2012,11(1):269-288.
[16]游和远，吴次芳，鲍海君.农地流转、非农就业与农地转出户福利：来自黔浙鲁农户的证据[J].农业经济问题，2013,34(3):16-25.
[17]申红芳，陈超，廖西元，等.稻农生产环节外包行为分析：基于7省21县的调查[J].中国农村经济，2015,(5):44-57.
[18]段培，王礼力，罗剑朝.种植业技术密集环节外包的个体响应及影响因素研究：以河南和山西631户小麦种植户为例[J].中国农村经济，2017(8):29-44.
[19]GILLESPIE J,NEHRING R,SANDRETTO C,et al.Forage outsourcing in the dairy sector:the extent of use and impact on farm profitability [J].Agricultural & Resource Economics Review,2020,39(3):399-414.
[20]陈飞，翟伟娟.农户行为视角下农地流转诱因及其福利效应研究[J].经济研究，2015,50(10):163-177.
[21]陆岐楠，张崇尚，仇焕广.农业劳动力老龄化、非农劳动力兼业化对农业生产环节外包的影响[J].农业经济问题，2017,38(10):27-34.
[22]MACHILA M,LYNE M,NUTHALL P.Assessment of an outsourced agricultural extension service in the Mutasa district of Zimbabwe [J].Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development,2015,7(5):142-149.
[23]陈宏伟，穆月英.农业生产性服务的农户增收效应研究：基于内生转换模型的实证[J].农业现代化研究，2019,40(3):403-411.
[24]管珊.农业经营模式创新与演化的多重逻辑：基于土地托管模式的分析[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2019,19(2):123-130.
[25]BENTLEY W J.Economic and ecological approaches to land fragmentation:in defense of a much-maligned phenomenon [J].Annual Review of Anthropology,1987,16(1):31-67.
[26]BURTON S,KING R.Land fragmentation and consolidation in Cyprus:a descriptive evaluation[J].Agricultural Administration,1982,11(3):183-200.
[27]王广慧，季云菲.基于流入地经济发达程度视角的流动人口城乡户籍工资差异分析：以受过高等教育群体为例[J].东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(4):161-167.
[28]杨志海.老龄化、社会网络与农户绿色生产技术采纳行为：来自长江流域六省农户数据的验证[J].中国农村观察，2018(4):44-58.
[29]夏蓓，蒋乃华.种粮大户需要农业社会化服务吗：基于江苏省扬州地区264个样本农户的调查[J].农业技术经济，2016(8):15-24.
[30]王玉斌，李乾.农业生产性服务、粮食增产与农民增收：基于CHIP数据的实证分析[J].财经科学，2019(3):92-104.
[31] 高鸣，宋洪远，MICHAEL C.补贴减少了粮食生产效率损失吗?:基于动态资产贫困理论的分析[J].管理世界，2017(9):85-100.
[32]张忠军，易中懿.农业生产性服务外包对水稻生产率的影响研究：基于358个农户的实证分析[J].农业经济问题，2015,36(10):69-76.
[33]曾亿武，郭红东，金松青.电子商务有益于农民增收吗?:来自江苏沭阳的证据[J].中国农村经济，2018(2):49-64.
(1)数据来源:农业农村部农业机械化管理司。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2022.09.010
中图分类号:F326.6;F323.8
引用信息:
[1]赵鑫,孙维祺,任金政.农业生产外包服务选择有益于农户家庭增收吗?——基于5717个农户家庭的实证分析[J].世界农业,2022,No.521(09):113-125.DOI:10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2022.09.010.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金“基于风险管控的粮食作物保险绩效研究：方法、水平与提升路径”(71873129)
2022-09-09
2022-09-09