世界农业

在新冠肺炎疫情和产业转型升级的背景下，农村创业成为解决农村劳动力就业问题的有效途径。本文在可持续生计分析框架下，研究生计资本对农村家庭非农创业和农业创业的影响，并就改进的家庭生命周期模型，进一步分析了不同家庭生命周期阶段下生计资本对家庭创业行为的异质性影响。主要研究结论如下。(1)生计资本对农村家庭非农创业、农业创业和多行业创业行为都有促进作用，其中人力资本对非农创业和多行业创业行为的边际贡献最大，物质资本对农业创业行为边际贡献最大。(2)家庭生命周期对农村家庭非农创业和农业创业行为都有影响，其中相比较其他家庭，抚养期和负担期的家庭开展非农创业活动的可能性最高，抚养期和稳定期的家庭从事农业创业活动的可能性最高。(3)处于不同家庭生命周期阶段的非农创业和农业创业行为影响因素有较大差异。(4)生计资本对农村家庭非农创业和农业创业绩效有正向影响。为了更好地应对农村劳动力就业问题，可从农村家庭生计资本改善上实施政策，建议把握各类家庭的规律和特点，使政策更为精准地定位到家庭需求，从而使得政策更有效率。

In the context of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and industrial transformation and upgrading, rural entrepreneurship has become an effective way to solve the employment problem of rural labor.The article investigates the impact of livelihood capital on rural households' nonfarm entrepreneurship and agricultural entrepreneurship in the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis and further analyzes the heterogeneous effects of livelihood capital on households' entrepreneurial behavior under different household life cycle stages concerning an improved household life cycle model.The main findings are:(1)Livelihood capital contributes to rural households' nonfarm entrepreneurship, agricultural entrepreneurship, and multi-sector entrepreneurial behavior, with human capital making the largest marginal contribution to nonfarm entrepreneurship and multi-sector entrepreneurial behavior, and physical capital making the largest marginal contribution to agricultural entrepreneurial behavior.(2)The household life cycle has an impact on both nonfarm entrepreneurship and agricultural entrepreneurial behavior of rural households, among which households in the dependency and burden periods are the most likely to engage in nonfarm entrepreneurial activities, and households in the dependency and stability periods are the most likely to engage in agricultural entrepreneurial activities compared to other households.(3)The factors influencing nonfarm entrepreneurial and agricultural entrepreneurial behaviors at different household life cycle stages differed significantly.(4)Livelihood capital has a positive effect on rural households' nonfarm entrepreneurship and agricultural entrepreneurship performance.To better address the employment problem of rural labor, policies can be implemented in terms of improving the livelihood capital of rural households, and it is suggested that grasping the patterns and characteristics of various types of households makes policies more precisely targeted to household needs, thus making them more efficient.