世界农业

完善政策性农业信贷担保体系，是财政与金融资本的重要结合点，也是引导社会投资投向农业的关键纽带，这不仅为解决长期困扰“三农”问题的金融服务难题提供了新的机遇，也为推动城乡共同富裕开辟了新的道路。本文在理论分析的基础上，利用2011—2021年中国地级市面板数据，采用双重差分法，深入探讨了政策性农业信贷担保机构的设立对城乡收入差距的影响。研究结果显示：政策性农业信贷担保机构的设立对缩小城乡收入差距产生了显著作用。其中，提升农业机械化水平、提高农业生产效率、提升区域金融集聚以及优化劳动力要素配置是其主要的传导机制。进一步研究发现，政策性农业信贷担保对城乡收入差距的影响在不同的城市区位、粮食生产区域、数字普惠金融水平以及农业创业活跃度等方面存在显著差异。因此，需要进一步整合“银保担”三方的优势，完善农业普惠金融服务体系，提升农村居民的金融素养，以缓解农业适度规模经营的融资约束，同时促进农村居民的收入增长。本文得出的重要启示是，需要准确把握政策性农业信贷担保机构设立的城乡共富效应，并据此在新的发展阶段，推动城乡要素的融合和乡村振兴战略的实施，为其提供新的理论基础与实践经验。

Improving the policy-based agricultural credit system is an important link between financial capital and social capital, and it brings new opportunities for solving the financial service problems that have long plagued the “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”,and promoting the common prosperity of urban and rural areas.On the basis of theoretical analysis, this paper analyzes the impact of the establishment of agricultural policy guarantee institutions on urban-rural income gap by using the DID method with the panel data of Chinese cities from 2011 to 2021.The results of the study show that the establishment of policy-based agricultural credit guarantee institutions has had a significant effect on reducing the urban-rural income gap.The main transmission mechanisms are the enhancement of agricultural machinery power, the improvement of agricultural production efficiency, the enhancement of regional financial agglomeration and optimize the allocation of labor elements.Further research finds that the impact of agricultural policy guarantees on urban-rural income gap differs significantly across different urban locations, different food production regions, different levels of digital financial inclusion, and different levels of agricultural entrepreneurial activity.The important implication of this paper is that in order to give full play to the role of agricultural financial guarantee institutions in alleviating the financing constraints of agricultural moderate-scale business subjects and promoting the role of rural residents in increasing their income, it is necessary to further integrate the advantages of the three parties of “bank, insurance and guarantee” in supporting and benefiting agriculture, improve the highly adaptable agricultural inclusive financial service system, and enhance the financial literacy of rural residents through differentiated policies.This paper provides a new theoretical basis and empirical evidence for accurately grasping the urban-rural co-financing effect of the establishment of agricultural policy guarantee institutions and promoting the integration of urban and rural factors and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in the new stage of development accordingly.