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国外发达国家在推进养殖业(畜禽)粪污养分管理方面积累了丰富的经验,中国在畜禽粪污养分管理方面的政策尚不完善。本文从养分管理计划基本内涵等3个方面,深刻剖析了国外推动养分管理计划实施的主要做法,并提出促进中国种养业协调发展的启示。国外制定了养分管理计划,通过计量各地耕地养分承载力,实行畜禽养殖污染物排放总量控制;完善现有的养殖业污染防治法律法规,规定严格细致,并制定严厉的违法处罚措施;完善农业发展布局、创新种养平衡一体化发展模式,同时加大政府资金扶持力度。最后本文总结出国外经验对中国种养业协调发展政策的5点借鉴意义:一是制定区域性畜禽粪污养分管理计划;二是推广实施区域种养结合循环模式与技术;三是完善种养业协调发展配套法律法规;四是加大政策资金扶持力度;五是扶持畜禽粪污处理社会化服务组织发展。本研究对于促进畜禽粪污科学还田,促进种养业协调发展,推进中国农业绿色发展具有重要意义。
Abstract：Developed countries have already marched a long way and accumulated rich experiences which is fairly ahead of China,particularly in the fields of scientifically promoting livestock and poultry farming with plans of incorporating it into fields.China has been emphasizing in recent years on optimizing the structure of planting and breeding industry while accelerating the development of green agriculture and circular agriculture.Yet the policies of crop and livestock development in China are insufficient and it is of great importance to learn the specific practice and advanced management measures from foreign countries.Based on a large amount of literature review and analysis,in this paper,we revised the policy on promoting the coordinated development of crop and livestock in foreign countries while summarizing successful experiences.Moreover,from the three aspects of the nutrient management plan basic connotation,the paper intensely analyzes the main practices of promotion and implementation of nutrient management plan abroad.Policies on promoting the coordinated development of crop and livestock should be made in accordance to the reality in China.Based on the advanced experiences of foreign countries,the recommended policies on how to improve coordinated development of crop and livestock in China are proposed as follows:In terms of nutrient management plan,A study should be placed on the nutrient carrying capacity of cultivated land in various regions of China,together with the implementation of the total control of pollutant discharged from livestock and poultry breeding through the designated laws and regulations.Improve the existing aquaculture pollution prevention laws and regulations where the provisions should be strict and meticulous,but also to develop severity of illegal measures.In terms of macroeconomic regulation and control policies,we will improve the layout of agricultural development,innovate a balanced developed mode of planting and breeding,and increase the support of government funds.Finally,this paper summarizes five lessons on foreign policy on coordinated development of farming policy in China:firstly,to formulate a plan for the management of livestock and poultry manure in the region;secondly,to promote the implementation of a combination of recycling and planting modes and technologies in the region;thirdly,to improve supporting laws and regulations for the coordinated development of planting and breeding;fourthly,to increase policy support efforts and the fifth is to Support the development of social service organizations that provide manure disposal.This study is of great significance when promoting livestock and poultry industry manure farming which has had a scientific return to the field and additionally,to promote the coordinated development of planting and breeding while promoting a sustainable development in agriculture in China.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2018.06.013
中图分类号:X713
引用信息:
[1]莫际仙,高春雨,毕于运,等.国外养分管理计划政策与启示[J].世界农业,2018,No.470(06):86-93+216.DOI:10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2018.06.013.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(31200337、41301626); 公益性科研院所基金科研业务专项课题(2017-037)
2018-06-10
2018-06-10