世界农业

提升农户自主发展能力是实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的关键举措。当前对于合作社是否能够提升农户自主发展能力学术界尚未形成普遍共识。为增强社会层面对合作社的认同感，本文立足于挖掘和揭示合作社的益贫价值，基于中国西部欠发达地区云南、贵州、陕西及甘肃4省1 553户关于贫困与食物安全综合调研数据，利用倾向得分匹配(PSM)法，通过构建反事实分析框架，实证分析了合作社对农户自主发展能力的提升效应及其异质性特征。研究结果表明：(1)合作社对农户自主发展能力具有显著的正向促进作用，在使用多种方法的稳健性检验后，结论依然成立。(2)合作社对农户自主发展能力的影响在不同特征的农户间存在显著差异。具体而言，相较于贫困农户、低人力资本禀赋农户、低收入阶层农户，参加合作社对非贫困农户、高人力资本禀赋农户、中高收入阶层农户家庭的能力提升效果更为明显。因此，政府在引导鼓励农户加入或创办合作社保证合作社增量的同时，应重点优化存量，强化小农在业务、资金与管理参与方面同合作社的关联度，减少公共减贫资源在使用过程中存在的“精英俘获”现象。

Enhancing the independent development of farmers is a key measure to effectively apply the achievements of poverty alleviation to rural vitalization.Nowadays, whether the cooperatives can promote the independent development ability of farmers has not been formed by academics.In this case, this article empirically analyzes how farmers' cooperatives has affected the independent development ability and its heterogeneity, by introducing the propensity score matching(PSM)method and the framework of counterfactual analysis, based on the survey data about poverty and food security from 1 553 households from underdeveloped areas in western China, including Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, and Gansu, and finally aims to reveal the cooperative values and enhances its social identity.The results show that:(1)Farmers' cooperatives have positively affected on the independent development ability of farmers, and the conclusion is still valid after the robustness test of various methods.(2)There is a significant difference in the influence of cooperatives on development ability among farmers with different characteristics.To be more specific, households with high human capital endowment and with middle and high income have a more significant effect on the ability improvement in participating cooperatives, compared with poor households, households with low human capital endowment and households with low income.So the government should encourage rural households to join or establish farmers' cooperatives to ensure its increase, at the same time, focus on optimizing production stocks, strengthening the connection between smallholders and cooperatives in business, capital, and management, to end the phenomenon of “elite capture” in the application of public resources for poverty alleviation.