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在扎实推进乡村全面振兴战略的背景下，乡村新产业新业态的快速发展亟须乡村人才队伍支撑，但目前乡村人力资本供需存在结构性矛盾。城乡收入差距、城乡要素流动非对称性壁垒、农村优质教育资源供给短板、农村家庭人力资本投资负担相对较重等因素叠加，农村面临人才留不住、引不来、用不上等困境。针对上述问题，本文提出“四学一体”创新农村人力资本培育的体制机制，以期为农村增活力，助力加快推进乡村全面振兴：以“人人皆学”覆盖全产业链需求、实现终身技能迭代优化，以“全面学习”实现认知、非认知、身心健康等人力资本的多维发展，以畅通城乡双向要素流动机制、促进城乡教育公共服务均等化实现“处处能学”,以数智技术赋能乡村教育高质量发展实现“时时可学”。
Abstract：Against the backdrop of China's comprehensive rural revitalization strategy, the rapid development of new rural industries and business has created an increasingly demand for high-quality rural talent.However, structural imbalances persist in the supply and demand of rural human capital.Factors such as persistent urban-rural income disparities, asymmetric barriers to urban-rural factor mobility, limited accessibility and insufficient high-quality of rural education, and relatively heavy education investment burdens on rural households, contribute to difficulties in retaining and attracting rural talent.In response to these challenges, this paper proposes a four-dimensional integrated educational framework designed to support comprehensive rural revitalization.First, “Learning for Everyone” aiming to meet diversified needs of the entire rural industry chains and ensure continuous lifelong skill upgrading.Second, “Learning Everything” to foster multi-dimensional development of cognitive, non-cognitive, and physical-mental health human capital.Third, “Learning Everywhere” achieved by facilitating urban-rural two-way factor flows and promoting equitable access to high-quality education.Finally, “Learning Anytime” realized through digital intelligence technologies that empower rural education.
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(1)数据来源:《2024携程集团乡村旅游振兴白皮书》。
(2)数据来源:《中华人民共和国2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》。
(3)数据来源:国家统计局,https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/sjjd/202409/t20240923_1956631.html。
(4)数据来源:国家统计局第三次全国农业普查主要数据公报,https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/nypcgb/qgnypcgb/202302/t20230206_1902101.html。
(5)1亩=1/15公顷。
(6)CFPS2022年采用简化后的美国流行病学研究中心抑郁量表(CESD)量表,一共8题,总分范围为0～24。当总分为11分及以上时,则“是否抑郁”赋值为1,否则为0。
(7)数据来源:https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-04/03/content_5379215.htm。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2025.06.004
中图分类号:F323.6
引用信息:
[1]陈思玮,刘承芳.农村增活力：适应乡村新产业新业态发展的农村人力资本培育[J].世界农业,2025,No.554(06):37-50.DOI:10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2025.06.004.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(A类)“农村教育管理与政策”(71925009)
2025-06-10
2025-06-10