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木薯与马铃薯、甘薯并称全球3大薯类。非洲是世界上最大的木薯产区。木薯起源于南美洲,传入非洲后,主要栽种于中非、西非和东非热带地区。在中非,木薯最迟于16世纪下半叶由葡萄牙人引入,并得到迅速推广;在西非,木薯于17世纪由葡萄牙人引入,经历了先慢后快的推广进程;东非地区的木薯迟至18世纪上半叶才开始引种,且推广相对缓慢。导致上述差异的原因主要有自然因素、贸易路径、奴隶贸易、灾荒和战争等。木薯的引种和推广深刻地改变了非洲的饮食结构、促进了人口增长、发挥了备荒救灾的作用等,对非洲的历史和现实都产生了极其深远的影响。
Abstract：Cassava and potatoes,sweet potatoes are known as the three largest potato in the world.Africa is the largest cassava producing area in the world.Cassava originated in South America.After introduced into Africa,cassava was mainly cultivated in Central Africa,West Africa and East Africa.In Central Africa,cassava was introduced by Portuguese at the latest half of 16 th Century,and was rapidly promoted.In West Africa,cassava was introduced by Portuguese in 17 th Century,and the promotion process was slow at first and then fast.Cassava did not be introduced into East Africa until the first half of the 18 th Century,and was slowly promoted.The main reasons for these differences in the diffusion of cassava in Africa are natural factors,trade routes,slave trade,famine wars and so on.The introduction and spread of cassava have deeply changed Africa's diet structure,promoted population growth,played a role in disaster preparedness and relief.In all,it has a profound impact on Africa's history and reality.
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(1)资料来源:联合国粮农组织。
(1)资料来源:联合国粮农组织。
基本信息:
DOI：10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2019.02.014
中图分类号:F316.11
引用信息:
[1]刘佳,张箭.美洲木薯在非洲的引种和推广[J].世界农业,2019,No.478(02):83-88+107.DOI:10.13856/j.cn11-1097/s.2019.02.014.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重点项目“15—19世纪的全球农业文明大交流”(13AZD044); 中央高校基本科研业务费研究专项项目(SKQY201215); 四川大学学科前沿与学术交叉创新研究项目(SKZD201407); 2014年四川省省属高校科研创新团队(14TD0039)
2019-02-10
2019-02-10